PVT412PBF - 400V 140mA SPST-NO Photo-Voltaic Relay | Infineon
MPN: PVT412PBF β Active| Qty | Unit Price | Extended |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $4.89 | $4.89 |
| 10 | $4.41 | $44.10 |
| 100 | $3.72 | $372.00 |
| 500 | $3.28 | $1,640.00 |
| 1,000 | $2.95 | $2,950.00 |
PVT412PBF Overview
A photovoltaic relay is a semiconductor switching device that uses a stack of optically-driven photovoltaic cells to generate the gate-bias voltage needed to turn on two back-to-back MOSFET outputs, eliminating the need for an external DC bias supply on the load side. Within the broader power-management hierarchy, a PV relay belongs to the solid-state relay family (SSR > Photo-Voltaic Relay > MOSFET-output SSR > semiconductor switch), bridging the gap between optocouplers and full electromechanical relays while offering unlimited on/off cycles and bounce-free switching.
Key specifications include a 0 V to 400 V load-voltage range, 140 mA on-state AC current / 210 mA DC, an on-resistance around 35 ohm at full conduction, an off-state blocking voltage of 400 V, and a linear AC/DC input LED drive requirement of approximately 5 mA typical (10 mA max). The output MOSFETs are bidirectional back-to-back N-channel HEXFET die pairs, providing symmetrical AC switching or polarity-insensitive DC switching with no moving parts.
Internally, an AlGaAs infrared LED optically couples to a monolithically-integrated photovoltaic cell stack; under forward LED current the PV cells generate ~13 V to gate the output MOSFET pair, producing a clean, low-leakage, bounce-free closure. Because there is no wear mechanism, the relay supports millions of cycles and provides 5 kV input-to-output isolation, making it ideal for telecom line cards, instrumentation multiplexing, and other high-surge environments where electromechanical relays fail prematurely.
Typical applications include telecom line-interface cards (SLIC/ringing), instrumentation multiplexing, ATE reed-relay replacement, battery-monitoring multiplexers in 48 V telecom racks, industrial process control, and medical equipment isolation. Its 0-400 V blocking range covers 120/240 VAC mains and 48/60/110/220 VDC battery rails.
Designers should ensure input LED current stays within 5 mA typical / 10 mA maximum, add a snubber for inductive AC loads, and observe that pin 1 / pin 2 are the input LED anode/cathode while pins 4 / 6 form the MOSFET output. For surge-sensitive applications, choose the related PVT412L variant which adds active current-limit circuitry for FCC Part 68 compliance.
This page consolidates Infineon datasheet specifications, drop-in compatible 6-DIP photovoltaic-relay alternatives, and practical PCB design guidance beyond the datasheet's typical-application figures.
Drop-in alternatives for PVT412PBF β same package, pin-to-pin compatible. Different-package parts requiring PCB rework are excluded.
Variants in this series
Same-series models that are drop-in compatible with PVT412PBF (same form factor and footprint) β differing in Mounting Type, Package, Relay Type, RoHS Status, Contact Configuration.
Quick Comparison Tool β Select alternative parts for side-by-side comparison:
PVT412LPBF
β Drop-Inπ Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PVT322PBF
β Drop-Inβ In Stock
$6.2 / Unit
View Datasheet βPVT422PBF
β Drop-Inπ Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PVG612ASPBF
β Drop-Inβ In Stock
$2.65 / Unit
View Datasheet βPVG612AS-TPBF
β Drop-Inβ In Stock
$2.35 / Unit
View Datasheet βPVT412PBF Maximum Ratings & Electrical Characteristics
| Relay Type | Solid State Photo-Voltaic Relay (Photorelay) |
| Contact Configuration | SPST-NO (1 Form A) |
| Load Voltage Range | 0 V to 400 V |
| On-State Current (AC) | 140 mA |
| On-State Current (DC) | 210 mA |
| Input LED Current (typical) | 5 mA |
| Input LED Current (max) | 10 mA |
| Isolation Voltage (Input to Output) | 5 kV |
| Output MOSFET Topology | Bidirectional back-to-back N-channel HEXFET |
| Package | 6-DIP (0.300 inch / 7.62 mm) through-hole |
| Mounting Type | Through-Hole |
| RoHS Status | Compliant (Pb-Free suffix) |
PVT412PBF Pin Configuration
| Pin 1 | LED Anode (+) β Input LED anode; drive with 5 mA typical forward current (10 mA max) |
| Pin 2 | LED Cathode (-) β Input LED cathode; connect to circuit ground |
| Pin 3 | NC β Not connected (no internal bond) |
| Pin 4 | MOSFET Output A β Bidirectional MOSFET output terminal A (load side) |
| Pin 5 | NC β Not connected (no internal bond) |
| Pin 6 | MOSFET Output B β Bidirectional MOSFET output terminal B (load side) |
Typical Applications
PVT412PBF is suitable for 6 applications: Telecom Line-Interface Card (SLIC/Ringing), Instrumentation Multiplexer / ATE Reed-Relay Replacement, Battery Monitoring Multiplexer (48V Telecom Rack), Industrial Process Control and PLC Isolation, Medical Equipment Patient-Isolation Switching, Security and Access-Control Relay Replacement.
Telecom Line-Interface Card (SLIC/Ringing)
The PVT412PBF's 400 V load-voltage rating and 5 kV input-to-output isolation directly address telecom line-interface card requirements for battery-feed switching and ringing-path multiplexing. Its 140 mA AC on-state current comfortably handles off-hook subscriber-line currents, while the 35 ohm RDS(on) introduces only modest insertion loss in the talking path. Bidirectional back-to-back MOSFETs allow the same part to switch both DC battery feed (-48 V typical) and AC ringing (90 Vrms / 20 Hz) without body-diode rectification artifacts. Compared to electromechanical relays, the PVT412PBF provides bounce-free switching that prevents the audible click injected into the audio path by EMR contact closure, a key requirement for VoIP and soft-switch line cards.
Recommended
Instrumentation Multiplexer / ATE Reed-Relay Replacement
The PVT412PBF replaces fragile reed relays in automated test equipment (ATE) and instrumentation multiplexers by offering unlimited switching cycles (reed relays typically fail at 10^8 cycles), zero contact bounce, and 5 kV isolation between the digital control domain and the analog measurement domain. With 0-400 V blocking and 140 mA AC current, it handles both low-level analog signal routing (<=400 V) and moderate-power excitation channels. Designers use a 5 mA LED drive current controlled by a logic-level GPIO with a series resistor, eliminating the +12 V coil-driver circuitry required for reed relays. Compared to discrete MOSFET analog switches, the PVT412PBF provides galvanic isolation that prevents ground loops in floating measurement systems.
Recommended
Battery Monitoring Multiplexer (48V Telecom Rack)
The PVT412PBF is widely used in -48 V telecom rack battery-monitoring multiplexers where individual cell voltages must be scanned across hundreds of series-connected cells without injecting leakage from the measurement circuit. Its 400 V blocking covers the full battery-stack voltage with substantial headroom, and its <1 microamp off-state leakage preserves battery run-time during long-term monitoring. The 5 kV isolation ensures the digital multiplexer control circuitry never sees a battery-stack fault. The 6-DIP through-hole package is well-suited to industrial battery-backup PCBs that already host other through-hole protection components, simplifying assembly versus SMT alternatives like the PVT212SPBF.
Recommended
Industrial Process Control and PLC Isolation
The PVT412PBF provides 5 kV reinforced isolation between PLC logic and field-side actuators, meeting IEC 61131-2 requirements for industrial control. Its 400 V load rating handles 240 VAC and 110/220 VDC field circuits, and its bidirectional MOSFET output allows a single part to multiplex either AC or DC loads without polarity selection. Compared to optocoupler + TRIAC solid-state relays, the PVT412PBF offers zero-crossing-free switching and lower on-state power dissipation (~0.7 W at full current vs. 1.5 W for typical TRIAC SSR). The 6-DIP footprint is mechanically compatible with legacy opto-isolator PCB layouts, simplifying PLC I/O module retrofits.
Recommended
Medical Equipment Patient-Isolation Switching
The PVT412PBF's 5 kV galvanic isolation and bounce-free switching make it suitable for patient-connected medical equipment where even microamp-level leakage or contact bounce could affect sensitive diagnostic measurements. Applications include ECG/EEG lead-switching matrices, patient-isolation relay banks, and infusion-pump relay replacement. The part's solid-state nature eliminates mechanical wear - critical for life-support equipment requiring 10+ year service intervals. The 400 V blocking supports mains-powered therapy devices, and the bidirectional MOSFET output handles both AC mains and low-voltage DC control signals with a single part number.
Recommended
Security and Access-Control Relay Replacement
In security panels, access-control door strikes, and alarm systems, the PVT412PBF replaces electromechanical relays to achieve silent operation (no click during switching), unlimited switching cycles (EMRs typically rate for 100k cycles vs. millions for SSRs), and immunity to tampering via vibration or magnetic fields. The 400 V blocking covers 120/240 VAC door-strike power, and the 140 mA current rating handles typical door-strike loads (250-500 mA inrush, ~100 mA holding). The 5 kV isolation protects low-voltage logic circuits from the AC mains strike voltage. Compared to compact SMT SSRs, the 6-DIP through-hole package is more rugged against mechanical stress in field-installed security cabinets.
Recommended
Recommended Products Summary
Engineering reference data for PVT412PBF β comparison, design guidance, and compliance information.
Selection Guide
Comparison with Alternatives
| Parameter | This Product | PVT412LPBF | PVT322PBF | PVT422PBF | PVG612ASPBF | PVG612AS-TPBF |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) - same | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) - same | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) - same | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) - same | 6-DIP (0.300 inch) - same |
| Brand | Infineon | Infineon - same | Infineon - same | Infineon - same | Infineon - same | Infineon - same |
| Load Voltage | 400 V | 400 V | 250 V | 400 V | 60 V | 60 V |
| On-State Current (AC) | 140 mA | 140 mA | 170 mA | 120 mA | 2 A | 2 A |
| On-State Current (DC) | 210 mA | 210 mA | 210 mA | 180 mA | 2 A | 2 A |
| On-Resistance (typ) | 35 ohm | Higher (with current limit) | ~30 ohm | ~50 ohm | ~0.5 ohm | ~0.5 ohm |
| Input LED Current | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max | 5 mA typ / 10 mA max |
| Current-Limit / Surge Protection | No (pass-through HEXFET) | Yes (active current-limit, FCC Part 68) | No | No | No | No |
Key Differentiators
- No active current-limit - lower on-resistance than PVT412L (vs PVT412LPBF)
- Highest load-voltage in 6-DIP HEXFET PV relay family (vs PVT322PBF)
- Voltage-optimized rather than current-optimized (vs PVG612ASPBF)
Design Notes
The PVT412PBF on-state power dissipation at full 140 mA AC conduction is approximately I^2 * RDS(on) = (0.140)^2 * 35 = 0.69 W. In the 6-DIP package without a heatsink, derate linearly from +40 C to +85 C at 70% of rated current. For DC loads above 100 mA, verify the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance from the datasheet and consider copper-pour heatsinking on the output pins to stay within the +85 C derating curve shown in Infineon Figure 2.
Maintain at least 8 mm creepage distance between the input side (pins 1-3) and the output side (pins 4-6) of the 6-DIP footprint to preserve the 5 kV isolation rating when PCB coating is not used. Route high-voltage output traces away from low-voltage input traces, and avoid placing ground planes under the relay body to prevent coupling across the optical barrier. Input-side ground and output-side ground should be kept separate and joined only at the system star-ground point.
Do not drive the input LED above 10 mA absolute maximum - this can damage the photovoltaic cell stack and permanently degrade turn-on voltage. Avoid switching purely inductive AC loads (solenoids, transformers) without an RC snubber or MOV across the MOSFET output, because the bidirectional HEXFET does not have built-in dv/dt clamping. For telecom line-interface applications subject to FCC Part 68 surge testing, choose the PVT412L variant which has active current-limit circuitry specifically designed to pass the 10x160 microsecond surge waveform.
Compliance Information
Pb-Free suffix 'PBF' confirms RoHS compliance per Infineon part numbering convention. Not AEC-Q100 qualified - this is an industrial/telecom-grade SSR. Halogen-free status not explicitly stated in the verified data - confirm with Infineon environmental datasheet if required.
